DC motors are inductive loads and therefore cannot be directly connected to a microcontroller without damaging the microcontroller. There are two protection mechanisms that go into a successful motor interface:
There are many types of motors out there each with their own pros and cons. There are two main types of motors, brushed and brushless, each with many subcategories within them. In this we will only be going over the most common types and their control. These include DC brushed, stepper, and 3-phase brushless.
There are four variables to consider when selecting a stepper motor